By Prime Star 
Learning begins at birth, and the most critical development happens before children start school. Early literacy and numeracy skills focus on foundational concepts like words, sounds, numbers, and patterns—the building blocks for all future learning. While this might seem daunting for parents, fostering these abilities can be simple and fun. Integrating them into daily routines, like reading bedtime stories or baking, is easy.
When we talk about early literacy, we aren’t talking about reading instruction in the traditional sense. We are referring to “pre-reading” skills. This includes recognizing letters, understanding that print carries meaning, knowing how to hold a book, and having a rich vocabulary.
Research consistently shows that children who are exposed to strong literacy practices at home have a significant head start. These children tend to have larger vocabularies and stronger comprehension skills by the time they reach school age. But the benefits extend far beyond the classroom.
Literacy is the primary tool we use to navigate the world. It’s how we communicate needs, understand instructions, and connect with others. A strong foundation in literacy builds confidence. When a child feels comfortable with language, they are more likely to participate in class, ask questions, and engage socially with their peers. This confidence creates a positive feedback loop: the more they engage, the more they learn, and the more successful they become—both academically and emotionally.
You don’t need a structured lesson plan to teach literacy. In fact, the most effective learning happens through play and connection. Here are three simple strategies to try at home:
Reading aloud is the single most important activity you can do to prepare your child for reading success. However, try to move beyond just reading the words on the page. Pause and ask questions: “Why do you think the bear looks sad?” or “What do you think will happen next?”
This practice, known as dialogic reading, encourages children to think critically about the story. It transforms them from passive listeners into active participants, boosting both their comprehension and their verbal skills.
Nursery rhymes and songs are catchy for a reason. They play a crucial role in developing phonological awareness—the ability to hear and manipulate the sounds within words. When children sing “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star” or recognize that “cat” sounds like “hat,” they are learning to segment sounds.
This skill is a precursor to decoding words when reading. So, don’t be afraid to sing loudly in the car or make up silly rhyming games while waiting in line at the post office.
Labeling items around the house can help children make the connection between spoken words and written text. You might put a sticky note that says “Chair” on a chair or “Toy Box” on their bin. Magnetic letters on the fridge offer another great opportunity for exploration. Even pointing out street signs or logos on cereal boxes helps children realize that print is everywhere and that it has meaning.
While reading often gets the spotlight, early numeracy is equally vital. Early numeracy refers to the ability to understand and work with numbers. This includes counting, recognizing patterns, understanding shapes (geometry), and grasping concepts of measurement (big vs. small, heavy vs. light).
Math skills at school entry are often the strongest predictor of later academic achievement—even more so than reading skills. Understanding numbers helps children make sense of the world logically. It aids in problem-solving and critical thinking.
Math anxiety is a real phenomenon for many students (and adults!), but it often stems from a lack of confidence in these early foundational concepts. By introducing math in a positive, low-pressure way during the preschool years, you help your child view math not as a scary subject to be endured, but as a useful tool for understanding their environment.
Math is all around us, waiting to be discovered. You can turn almost any daily activity into a mini math lesson.
Counting is the first step in numeracy. Count the stairs as you walk up them. Count the apples as you put them in the grocery bag. Count the red cars you see on a walk.
Once your child masters rote counting (reciting numbers 1-10), help them understand “one-to-one correspondence.” This means understanding that each number refers to one specific object. You can practice this by touching each object as you count it together.
Geometry starts with recognizing shapes. Point out that a plate is a circle, a window is a rectangle, and a sandwich cut in half is a triangle. Puzzles are excellent for developing spatial awareness, which is a key component of mathematical thinking. Figuring out how to rotate a piece to make it fit requires problem-solving and visualization.
The kitchen is a laboratory for math. Baking, in particular, is full of opportunities to learn about measurement and quantity. Ask your child to help you pour “half a cup” of milk or “two teaspoons” of vanilla. Talk about how the flour bag is “heavy” while the sugar packet is “light.” Discussing temperature and time (how long until the cookies are done?) also builds mathematical understanding.
You don’t have to do this alone. There are incredible resources available to help guide you.
- Libraries: Your local library is a treasure trove. Beyond books, they often host storytimes and workshops specifically designed to build early literacy skills.
- Apps and Websites: While screen time should be balanced, high-quality educational apps offer interactive ways to practice literacy and numeracy.
- Child Care Programs: High-quality childcare providers incorporate these learning pillars into their daily curriculum. For instance, Child Care Services in Taylorsville often utilize play-based learning strategies that seamlessly integrate math and reading readiness into art, music, and outdoor play.
Fostering early literacy and numeracy doesn’t require expensive tools or hours of formal instruction. It requires intention. It’s about noticing the numbers on a clock, hearing the rhyme in a song, and taking five minutes to read a book before bed.
Bemi Brooks 
Arthur